Looking At The Subtleties Of Language English Language Essay

Looking At The Subtleties Of Language English Language Essay Have you ever read a poem and realized that a word has a meaning other than the literal meaning? Thats because words can have both denotative and connotative meanings. A denotative meaning is a words literal meaning. Its the definition you find in the dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the association people tend to make with a certain word. A words connotative meaning often evokes an emotional response. The denotative and connotative meanings of words coexist. Think about the word snake. The denotative meaning is a reptile that typically has a long body, no limbs, fused eyelids, and a jaw that can expand to swallow large prey. Connotatively, snake means a deceitful, untrustworthy, or dangerous person. Even simple everyday words carry connotations. Think about the words home and house. The words may mean the same thing, but they have different connotations. House, meaning a structure where people can live, carries little or no emotional connotation. Home, a place where a family comes together, has a warmer, friendlier connotation. The connotative meanings of words can change over time. The word democrat, which now means a system of government by the people, used to have a negative connotation. It meant a prejudiced politician or leader. The word guy is now just a synonym for man. But back in the seventeenth century, the word guy referred to a grotesque person. This connotation came from Guy Guido Fawkes, who plotted to blow up the English Houses of Parliament. On November 5, 1605, the English burned a grotesque effigy of him, which was called a guy. Can you think of other words that have changed meaning over time? SCREEN 2 Word choice and context determine whether the connotation of a word is positive, neutral, or negative. For example, saying that someone is headstrong is neutral, as it is without judgment. Saying that a person is really determined has a positive connotation, while saying that a person is very stubborn is negative. Consider the words youd use to describe a project. Saying that the work is really challenging has a positive connotation, while saying that it is really difficult has a negative connotation. Similarly, a word can have different connotations depending on the context its used in. Think about the word genius, which means someone who is brilliant. It has a positive connotation, such as describing Robert Frost as a poetic genius. But genius also can have a negative connotation. Have you ever sarcastically called a friend who did something really foolish a genius? Lesson Activity Self-Checked Read more about denotative and connotative meanings of words. Then complete the Shades of Meaning table in the Lesson Activities. SCREEN 3 Denotation and Connotation in Poetry The French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal said, Words differently arranged have a different meaning, and meanings differently arranged have a different effect. This saying holds true for poets, who often use both denotative and connotative meanings to add to a poems meaning. To achieve this, poets employ figurative language, such as simile, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, irony, and transferred epithet. Read Robert Burnss poem A Red, Red Rose to see how he uses simile to convey connotations of love. He compares his love to a red rose in the line, O my Luves like a red, red rose. Here, the word rose has connotations of delicacy and beauty. The word red connotes the passion he feels about his beloved. Burns also compares his love to a melody, O my Luves like the melodie, where the word melodie connotes his loves sweetness and harmony. SCREEN 4 Robert Frosts poems are also rich in connotation. Read or listen to Mending Wall, which is about two neighbors walking along the wall that separates their properties and replacing the loose stones. The neighbors were getting to know one another, but have started putting up defenses, which comes through in the lines: And on a day we meet to walk the line And set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go. Denotatively, the wall is a boundary that separates properties, but it has a negative connotation of being a boundary between people. The negative connotation comes through using the words savage and darkness to refer to the neighbor who insists on the barrier: In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me Lesson Activity Self-Checked In the Mending Wall section of the Lesson Activities, write a 100- to 150-word essay about connotative meanings that you identify in Frosts Mending Wall. SCREEN 5 Like Mending Wall, Frosts Desert Places uses words rich in connotative meanings. Read Desert Places to see how Frost combines loaded words with transferred epithet in this poem. Consider the word benighted as it describes the snow in the line, A blanker whiteness of benighted snow. While benighted literally means nightfall or being overtaken by darkness, the word has the negative connotation of doubt, which relates to the speakers feelings of being hopeless and alone in the world. The vast emptiness of the landscape reflects the speakers loneliness. Frost also uses different denotative meanings of the word desert. In this poem, desert means a sandy barren area and it also means to abandon or leave behind. These meanings show that the speaker feels abandoned and lonely. SCREEN 6 Twentieth-century American poet Elizabeth Bishop was known for her use of detailed imagery and wit. Her poem The Fish is rich in denotation and connotation. At first glance, this poem is about how the speaker caught a fish and, after some consideration, let it go. The poet describes the fish as tremendous because the word tremendous has the connotation that the fish was not only large but also wonderful. Its a fish that has been through a lot and fought for survival. The rainbow that appears at the end of the poem has biblical connotations. It is reminiscent of the rainbow that appeared when Noahs animal-filled ark reached safety: à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬until everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! And I let the fish go. The speaker makes a moral decision to let the fish live. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded Read Elizabeth Bishops The Fish and then write a 250- to 300-word essay in the Lesson Activities about the use of denotation and connotation in the poem. Explain what denotation and connotation add to the poem and how they affect its meaning. SCREEN 7 Like Frost and Bishop, Ezra Pound is another twentieth-century American poet. Read Pounds In a Station of the Metro to see how he uses different connotative meanings in this two-line poem. In this poem, the poet uses the word apparition to describe the crowds of people at a metro station. The denotative meaning of the word apparition is the supernatural appearance of someone or something. Used connotatively, it evokes images of ghosts and the spiritual world and, in that context, death. When the poet goes on to compare the faces to petals on a black bough, it reinforces the idea that the crowds at the station make him think about death and mortality, because the word black has the negative connotations of death and funerals. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded In the Writing Connotative Poetry section of the Lesson Activities, write a short poem that has at least two rich, connotative words. Explain how the emotional or historical uses of your word choices influence the meaning of your poem. SCREEN 8 Throughout the ages, poets have used connotation to add to the meaning of their poems. Read Emily Dickinsons poem There Is No Frigate like a Book to see how she compares books to means of transportation to show that a book can take people to faraway lands. In this poem, Dickinson compares a book to a frigate, which is a nineteenth-century ship propelled by sails and oars. She also compares a book to a courser (a spirited horse) and a chariot. The meaning of this poem is best understood when you consider the historical context of the words frigate, courser, and chariot. These now-outdated modes of transportation were considered grand in the nineteenth century. The poet, writing in the context of her time, lends books an air of romance, pomp, and grandiosity. Now examine the meaning of frugal in these lines from the poem: How frugal is the Chariot That bears the Human soul. Dickinson uses frugal, with its positive connotation of being economical, to convey that traveling through reading books is inexpensive and accessible to everyone. Lesson Activity Self-Checked Identify five words from Dickinsons There Is No Frigate like a Book that help convey how the poet feels about books. Write the words in the table in the Lesson Activities, along with their definitions, connotative meanings, and some synonyms. Then replace the five words from the poem with synonyms that have a different connotation. Notice how the changes alter the poems attitude. SCREEN 9 African American poet Langston Hughes uses connotation to express how he feels about the plight of African Americans in twentieth-century America. Read Hughess Will V-Day Be Me Day Too? In this poem about the African American struggle for civil rights, he compares the condition of African American soldiers to that of Jews in Europe during World War II. Hughes uses words that have connotations of equality to highlight the predicament of African Americans. Consider his use of the word uniform, which means both same and a distinctive outfit worn by members of a group, in this case U.S. soldiers. Hughes uses this word ironically because racial segregation was still rampant in the United States during World War II. So although the army uniform was a standard outfit for all U.S. soldiers, it didnt make the wearers uniform, or equal. Hughes also uses the word connotatively. A uniform is not just an outfit for soldiers but a symbol of national pride and loyalty to ones country, as depicted in the lines: I am a Negro American Out to defend my land Army, Navy, Air Corps Even though African Americans donned the army uniform and fought side by side with other races, their honorable service did not ensure acceptance and safety for them, as these lines suggest: When I take off my uniform Will I be safe from harmà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ SCREEN 10 Like other great poets who use shades of meaning in their poems, William Shakespeares poetry is rich in connotative meanings. Read Shakespeares Sonnet 138, which is a lovers lament that his beloved doesnt take him seriously because hes young. Look at how Shakespeare uses the word lies in the line, I do believe her, though I know she lies. Here, the word lies has negative connotations. Not only is the speakers beloved dishonest, she is also unfaithful, as she lies down with other men. This can be derived from the sonnets first line When my love swears that she is made of truth, wherein the speakers love is claiming to be faithful but he doesnt believe her. The word vainly also has negative connotations in the line Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young. The poets mistress is proud of her own maturity but thinks the speaker as immature, while he tries unsuccessfully to make her think otherwise. Lesson Activity Teacher-Graded Explore the nuances of the words used in Shakespearean sonnets. Choose one sonnet from the collection of Shakespearean sonnets. Go to the Lesson Activities to chart examples of denotative and connotative language used and describe their effect. SCREEN 11 Summary Poets often use denotative and various connotative meanings of words to add to their poems meaning and depth. Recall that denotation is the literal dictionary definition of a word while connotation is the association people have with a word or the emotional response that a word evokes. Since connotations change over time, it is important to consider the contextà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬whether historical or culturalà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬of a poets words to understand what the poet is truly trying to say. Poets also make use of figurative language, such as simile, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, irony, and transferred epithet, to add to the denotations and connotations of the words they use.

Dostoevskys The Brothers Karamazov Essay -- Brothers Karamazov Dostoe

Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov Dostoevsky first presents Smerdyakov, in The Brothers Karamazov, in Book 3 of Part 1. The author divulges details of the conception of the fourth son of Fyodor Pavovich Karamazov. Late on a September evening, a drunk Fyodor, by modern standards, "rapes" a homeless woman. Stinking Lizaveta, the victim of Fyodor's violence, was a legend in the town. Regardless of her unattractive and dirty appearance, her poverty, and homelessness, the townspeople regarded her with sympathy and compassion. Fyodor, on the other hand, treated Lizaveta as an insubordinate who was undeserving of even an ounce of respect. He and his friends mock her. He, then, rapes her. And, as if these actions are not cruel and offensive enough, he vehemently denies any of it happening. Later, when Lizaveta gives birth to Fyodor's illegitimate son, it is Grigory and Marfa who take the boy in, baptize him, and decide to raise the child. The townspeople mistakenly credit Fyodor for taking the dead woman's child into his ho use. All of these disturbing actions on the part of Fyodor are cause for his punishment. While Fyodor neglected his fatherly duties to his other three sons, to this fourth, he rejects them completely. He finds the controversy around the mystery of the boy's conception amusing. He employs his own son as one of his servants, as his "lackey." Although incredible attention to detail is paid to the story of Lizaveta, Dostoevsky waits to speak of the boy himself. It is as if the author is all ready separating this last son. Dostoevsky claims to not want to go into detail about Smerdyakov so as not to distract the reader from the story. However, it is an intention set-up on the part of the author. When we finally learn more of this mysterious character, it is not until four chapters later. Dostoevsky is oddly able to summarize the character of Smerdyakov in only five pages, whereas, with the characters of his brothers, he needs many more pages. In this way, the author is showing the mistreatment of this innocent boy by all who know him. Grigory is ashamed of him. He spreads the story of Smerdyakov's birth and ruins his reputation indefinitely. All three of the brothers treat Smerdyakov not as an equal, but as a servant. Despite his displays of intelligence, Smerdyakov is labeled and mocked by everyone. He is called a lackey, an ass, a sco... ...he destruction of his third brother a little differently. Alexei cares to an extreme extent about others. He is deeply affected by the suffering of Ilyusha and the other schoolboys. Smerdyakov knows that by simply affecting the two brothers whom Alexei loves, he is also affecting Alexei. Alexei, to no avail, attempts to save what remains of his brothers' dehumanized states. While Smerdyakov's actions are cunning and deceitful, he knows at every moment exactly what he is doing and why he is doing it. He is fully aware of his own predicament. He is born into misfortune, attempts to avenge his name, and wreaks havoc upon this small Russian town. While he carefully manipulates people and skillfully executes his plans, he is aware also of the immorality of murder. Like Zisoma's "mysterious visitor," Smerdyakov commits his crimes out of passion. He does not wait for the jury to consider his case. Like the "mysterious visitor," he has convicted himself of murder and sentences himself death. Smerdyakov's vicious crime and brutal punishment complete a full life of violence starting at his conception. His passionately violent nature erupts implosively beneath a mask of implacable calm.

Belonging: The Perks of Being a Wallflower Essay

The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a set of fictional diary entries written by Stephen Chbosky. Charlie is the adolescent narrator who is in his tenth year of high school. Charlie decides to write anonymous letters to someone simply because he wants someone to listen and to not question his thoughts. The letters began after his only friend Michael committed suicide. Not belonging to a community can cause alienation and marginalisation. When Charlie started High School, he knew nobody. Starting at a new school shortly after his best friend died contributed to Charlie’s rational thoughts. ‘Some kids look at me strange in the hallways because I don’t decorate my locker, and I’m the one who beat up Sean and started crying about it after he did it’. The reflective tone and accumulation explain to the audience why he does not belong to a group within his school community. A couple of weeks into school, he met a senior named Patrick during shop class. At the Saturday football match Charlie and Patrick recognised each other and slowly began to develop a relationship. ‘The nice thing about Big Boy was the fact that Patrick and Sam didn’t throw around inside jokes to make me feel like an outsider’. The euphoric quote recognises how relationships can form a sense of belonging and how they have the ability to improve someone’s happiness. Belonging is often the result of sharing common values. In result of Sam (Patricks sister) having such an outgoing personality, Charlie began to learn about their simular interests. ‘Sam and I began to really get along, just like Harold and Maude in the book Mr Anderson just asked me to read’. The simile helps identify their relationship and indicate that this may develop during the book. Throughout the book, Charlie grows closer to Patrick and Sam. While trying to belong to a new community, he starts to understand that there are many secrets that people hide fro m the surface to avoid judgement. At the formal after party, Charlie saw Brad and Patrick ‘making out’. When Brad saw Charlie he reacted negatively in a dramatic way. ‘WHAT IS HE DOING HERE?’ the capital letters and question mark express to the reader how embarrassed Brad was. After two weeks Patrick explained to Charlie why Brad reacted the way he did. Brad was the in the football, and therefore was stereotyped by the whole school. Brad was so embarrassed that he would only be affectionate with Patrick behind closed doors, at parties, while he was either drunk or stoned. Brads parents then sent him away to rehabilitation for the summer to overcome getting stoned and/or drunk on a regular basis. After he returned, he barely even looked at Patrick. ‘I asked Patrick if he felt sad that he had to keep it a secret, and Patrick just said that he wasn’t sad because at least now, Brad doesn’t have to get drunk or stoned to make love’. The deep emotional tone incorporated by Patrick emphasises his care for how others feel. Brad and Patricks relationship demonstrates how belonging to a particular group and culture can prevent individuality. In the conclusion of the book, Charlie starts to lose control over his emotions. Belonging to a group can bring support in times of need to help overcome life barriers. After Charlie passed out in Sam’s arms, he had a dream where his Aunt Helen was still alive. ‘Everything was in slow motion. The sound was thick. And she was doing what Sam was doing’. The visually, auditory imagery and short sentences explains to the reader the truth in his relationship with his Aunt. During the beginning of the book Charlie had a sexually dream of Sam on top of him, and now he was having the same about his aunt. She sexually assaulted her nephew during her last months before passing away. This quote clarifies why Charlie is so emotional troubled and contently ‘blacks-out’ when he overwhelms himself with emotions. ‘You’re my best friend, was all I could say in return. She kissed my check, and for a moment it was like the bad part last night didn’t happen’. The contrast from last night and how he was feeling now emphasise s the dramatic effects of relationships. Stephen Chbosky explores the aspects of belonging throughout The Perks of Being a Wallflower. The sense of not belonging, belonging to a group, power on one’s identity and being allowed to express yourself within a culture was explored constantly while incorporating many obstacles for each character. b) Compare both Strictly Ballroom and the Perks of Being a Wallflower Strictly Ballroom is a film production directed by Baz Luhrmann. Luhrmann focuses on film techniques when emphasising the belonging aspects in his film, while Chbosky focuses on literally techniques. During the opening scenes of Strictly Ballroom, the main character Scott, demonstrates his fear and need to express himself artistically. Scott belonging to the ballroom community repressed his individuality which made over coming obstacles very difficult for Scott. Fran was one who shared a common interest and gave Scott courage to express his individuality through his artistic ability. Close-ups were used to show Scott’s frustration and anger in not understanding why he cannot dance ‘his’ way. In complete contrast Charlie in Perks of Being a Wallflower maintains his identity, but does not fit in with a group because of how different he is. In the State championships Scott had the opportunity to dance with Fran and show the audience his ability. Barry Fife is the Machiavellian character who uses his persuasive techniques and power to locate obstacles in Scott’s path. Patrick and Brad in Perks of Being a Wallflower also are thrown many obstacles by the community. Brad is like Scott and is too frightened to show their personal identity. In the denouement of Strictly Ballroom Scott and Fran finally have the ability and courage to stand up the Barry Fife and the Ballroom community to show their ability and dance the way ‘they think is right’. Quick editing, close ups and non-diabetic music was used in this scene to maintain excitement and hope for Scott and Fran. Charlie stays true to himself throughout the story and comes to terms with all the traumatising events in his life that have caused him to have mental problems.

Thedore Roosevelt Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London

Thedore Roosevelt Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London Thedore Roosevelt Twenty-sixth U.S. president. Born October 27, 1858 in New York City (fifth cousin of Franklin Delano Roosevelt). A strong nationalist and a resourceful leader, Theodore Roosevelt gloried in the opportunities and responsibilities of world power, and during his years in office he greatly expanded the power of the presidency. He especially enlarged the United States role in the Far East and Latin America. At home he increased regulation of business, encouraged the labor movement, and waged a long, dramatic battle for conservation of national

When to Write a Law School Addendum

When to Write a Law School Addendum In the law school application process, students are usually given the option of whether to submit an addendum to their file. Read on to learn more about what an addendum is, when you should write one, and perhaps most importantly, when you shouldnt. What Is an Addendum? An addendum as it pertains to the law school application process is an extra essay that you may include to help explain a weakness in your file. Law school applicants usually write addendums when there is anything they are concerned will prompt questions for the admissions committee. Â  Proper Form for an Addendum An addendum shouldnt be more than a few paragraphs long and should be labeled as an addendum at the top of the page. The structure of the addendum should be simple: state the topic you want to explain, give the point you want to communicate, and then offer a short explanation. Remember you are submitting this document to address what the admissions committee may see as a weakness, so you dont want to spend an excessive amount of time drawing attention to negative aspects of your file. In the case of the addendum, admissions readers are not looking for an in-depth discussion. Admission readers read a lot in the first place and as stated earlier, going into a detailed explanation of a weakness may draw undesired attention to it. Proper Way to Use an Addendum You should write an addendum if you feel that something in your file needs further explanation- so much so that without such explanation, the admissions committee wouldnt be getting an accurate representation of you. Here are some scenarios for which an addendum would be appropriate:Â   A failing gradeA semester in which you did particularly poorlyGaps in your academic careerAn LSAT score that does not reflect your ability to do law school level workAn overall GPA that does not reflect your ability to do law school workA medical emergency that affected a grade or LSAT scoreA family emergency that affected a grade or LSAT score To elaborate on some of these situations, if your poor LSAT score or semester of school was because of a death in your immediate family, this is a good reason to write an addendum. Also, if you have a low LSAT score but also a history of scoring low on standardized tests and then performing at a high level in school, this is another good reason for an addendum. Still, just because your situation falls into one of these categories, that doesnt necessarily mean you should write an addendum. It is always a good idea to ask your pre-law advisor for advice regarding your specific situation. Read some sample addendums on these and other subjects. Wrong Ways to Use an Addendum Using an addendum to offer excuses for a poor LSAT score or GPA is not a good idea. If it sounds whiny, it probably is. An excuse like you didnt have enough time to prepare for the LSAT because of your college course load, for example, is not a good reason to write an addendum. You especially want to stay away from the concept that you were irresponsible as a college freshman but now youve turned your life around. The admissions committee will be able to see that from your transcripts, so you dont need to waste their time with an addendum spelling it out. Overall, dont feel like you should try to find a reason to write an addendum if a legitimate reason doesnt exist; the admissions committee will see right through your attempt, and you could find yourself on the fast track to the rejection pile.

Change managment Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change managment - Literature review Example The rapid development of science and technology, changes in life styles and life philosophies of people, changes in the consumer psychologies and buying behaviors etc made change inevitable in organizational world. Management of changes in the organizational world is difficult because of various reasons. Employees often resist changes because of their preconceived perception that any changes taking place in the organizational world are intended for maximizing the profits of the organization through increasing the workloads of the employees. Competitors often raise stiff competition which forces an organization to think of changing its normal procedures, policies and business philosophies to stay or survive in the market. In any case, change is avoidable in organizational world and the success and the failures of an organization depend on the ability of the organization in implementing or managing the changes positively. Change management has typically been defined as a process involv ing unfreezing, moving, and refreezing values, practices, and procedures within organizations. Unfreezing refers to the creation of a perceived discrepancy between the existing and ideal state of an organization that generates a desire for change and lowers people’s resistance to change. ... This paper analyses available literatures to get more insights about organization learning, organizational effectiveness and the role of change management.   The need of change management to an organization â€Å"The journey of Change Management starts with a Request for Change†(Doherty, 2006, p.5). It could be from external sources like customers or internal sources like the employees. Customers may often demand improvement in services they received from the organization Same way employees may also complain about the increased work load or lack of work-life balancing they are facing. These things can force the organization to implement changes in its functioning. Other conditions that facilitate organizational change are; â€Å"A dramatic crisis, Leadership turnover, Stage of life-cycle, Age of the organization, Size of organization, Strength of current culture etc† (Approaches to Change Management, n. d, p.1). It is not necessary that the market conditions always re main stable. Market can fluctuate any time depending on the economic and political changes happening across the world. Such fluctuations can result in dramatic crisis in organizational world as we witnessed recently because of global recession. It is difficult for an organization to stick with same policies even on crisis situations. Many organizations reduced their manpower and asked the remaining employees to work more in order to cut the expenses and to escape from the recent recession. Changes are often implemented in an organization because of the changes in leadership also. It is not necessary that the leadership styles of one person are similar to that of other people.

Restaurant With A Difference Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Restaurant With A Difference Case Study - Essay Example The presence of combination of thoughts of both is necessary in the strategies they adopt for implementing in their restaurant business. Any business including restaurant depends on finding the fact that customer really wants. In that sense, Mark is correct and he devised a way to know what most of the customers like to have. Gross. T. Scott cites Tom Peters' MBWA (management by walking) that helps in finding out what customers want. Mark's proposal is a combination of both technology and walking to the customers that is followed by a system that finds out the most favored dish by the customer. (Gross, T. Scott, 2004) However, a strategy is necessary with the proposal of Mark as Restaurant business involves innumerous number of food service operations. There is still market for a new comer with innovative ideas in food-service business. The strategies regarding Restaurant business of Mark and Jenny will help in keeping in view the changing lifestyles and driving the surge in food service business. However, the strategy regarding serving the fresh food is absent in the idea of Mark and they have to include that aspect into the strategy of their restaurant business. In addition to serving on cite, the restaurant has to find more methods to sell the food that needs no dishes to wash if used at home. This needs new packaging techniques for the food that is sold as a parcel. This is keeping view the fact that the singles, working parents and elderly demand a greater convenience in buying their meals and are turning to operations that provide that convenience. Therefore, the operations of restaurant bu siness of Mark and Jenny should include innovative food service and packaging procedures. One more aspect that needs attention in the strategy is planning as lack of planning may result in losses in I year of the initiation of the business. The important aspects in the strategy of the restaurant business are quality food, good service and great people to serve. The strategies should keep in view the diners you can satisfy. In this aspect, Mark is right and Jenny is little bit pessimistic. As no body can please everybody, the important aspect in the strategy of a new restaurant business is to find out the real percentage of the customers you can attract and the percentage of the market you can capture. When you are targeting on casual food customers, you may not be perfect in attracting formal customers. So, one has to keep in view the type of customers and percentage of market they are going to target. (Lynn, Jacquelyn, 2001) Human Resources Any successful entrepreneurs in Hotel/Restaurant Business have to embrace key principles to determine the customer's expectation and in that sense, Mark's approach and idea is up to the mark. The Human Resources should maintain quality initiative. The strategies depend on initiatives. The appropriate management, business balance, performance challenges are the aspects that need consideration while framing Human Resource strategies. The HR strategies should include the employee encouragement techniques that can increase the quality that employees offer (D'Annunzio-Green, Norma (Editor), 2002). Technology Necessary for Restaurant The foremost technology that is necessary for every business is