Some People Believe That If Children’s Leisure Activities Are Not Educational

How children should utilize their leisure time is an issue which is discussed these days among people,some believe that the activities should be educational while others support giving children freedom to choose. Some teachers and parents have strong opinions about educational activities in childhood. They urge their children to keep studying or get engaged in educational activities. Since childhood is the best time for learning they regard it as golden days for learning.Recent surveys among children between age of 3-8 has shown that those who had educational programs in their free time were more successful in next levels of studying. though it may be hard for children at first ,it makes them to find a way for revealing their hidden talents. Children may not be aware of the result at first but as time goes by they will find it most useful method for finding their way of interest according to Doctor Bahrami's speech in Tehran university.On the contrary,some others encourage their chil dren to play more and enjoy their moments with their friends or toys around them. By their allowance children by themselves have liberty to choose activities of their interest in leisure time. Children have an opportunity to participate in group works and communicate with their same age children. Group activities even playing with same age children put them in a smallest society groups which can lead them to act better in future roles.In myy point of view, letting children to enjoy their childhood by their parents support is the best way to treat these god given beauties. Childhood is the sweetest part of life any one can experience. Creative minds grow while there is no obligation or pressure from an outer person. when children have time to draw paint or make things their talents would appear in their own way of interest. According to psychologist most of creative minds have free childhood without any obligation from their parents side.In this period(childhood)children have time to play,run and do some sports that will help them to keep fit mentally and physically. Running jumping playing keeps their body fresh and healthy and also keeps their body fit. Studies through recent years shows the increasing rate of obesity among children which is caused by modern life. Think about the way u wanted to spend your childhood. Nobody wanted to have childhood with so many educational extracurricular activities. Give your children chance to get rid of this logical acts we suppose them to do.

Review of Related Works and Studies Essay

Computer is general-purpose device that can be program to carry out a finite set arithmetic or local operation. Computer has a big role in our nation today because of our technology. Wherever you go computer still exist, especially aim business it makes the procedure easy and secure by programming the manual system into a computerizing system. Technology is the marking, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machine techniques, crafts system method of organization in order to solve a problem, achieve a goal, or perform a specific function. Everything now is becoming high technology, from manual to computerization. In computerizing system, it is easy to document and secure data. Especially in terms of Sales and Inventory system, everyday you are counting your products then reconcile it with your sale while when you use the computerized system you can save more time because it is automatically count and total the remaining item and the items that was already both and sold. An additional benefit using a computerized inventory system is the accuracy it ensures. When an inventory list is maintained by hand, the margin of error widens with each update. If one mathematical calculation is wrong or one typo is made, disaster may occur. By using a computerized inventory system, a business owner can ensures that all orders, reports, and other documents relating to inventory are uniform in their presentation regardless of who has created them. The review of the literature for this study focuses on creating computerize inventory system and order system from Cavite State University Marketing Main Campus. Review of related literature is one of the requirements need In order to create the proposed system; we need to find some helpful resources fort the study. According Lewis (2002) he stated that the reason for using computers differs from person to person. Some of the computers in industry are to perform precision, to be as efficiency, to decrease blocks or hassles to alter cash flows or to simples elevate your status. Janes (2001) also stated that computers are particularly reliable device and very powerful calculators with some great accessories applications like word processing problem for all of business activities, regardless of size, computers have three advantages over other type of office equipment that process information because computer are faster, more accurate more economical. Likewise, Reyes (2005) stated the task would be time consuming to accomplish manually and more practical with the aid of computers field in cabinet. Similarly Dioso (2001) stated that computer assist careful intelligent planning, organizing, actuating and controlling .This maybe observed from the past that they monitor production activities, solve scientific problem and help arrive in tentative answer to a multitude of involve conditions. According to Ronald Pachura wrote in an article for IIE solutions â€Å"It is nearly impossible to overemphasize the importance of keeping inventory levels under control. â€Å"Whether the problems incurred are caused by carrying too little or too much inventory, manufacturers need to become aware that inventory control is not just a materials management or warehouse department issue. The purchasing, receiving, engineering, manufacturing, and accounting departments all contribute to the accuracy of the inventory methods and records.†

Analyzing an image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analyzing an image - Essay Example An ad persuades or turns off potentials buyers. Toyota Camry commercial entails strong, credible, and attractive message for the probable target market. Largely, the message crafted in the ad is effective. The ad involves different photos, clear messages, events, and geographic features that appeal to the relevant customer senses. For example, the advert encompasses the entreaties to pathos, logos, and ethos. The selection of language and phrases in the ad significantly influences the viewer’s emotional appeal, emotional response, thus enhancing the efficiency. Particularly, broken bridge and phrase, which highlights that a single bold choice opens other opportunities for advancement, is effective, context specific, and provides motivation for the buyers and users of the car. The ad involves the use of clear structures, colorful pictures, and information that offers consistency for the audience. Furthermore, the interplay of the highlighted events such as dog rescue, bridge, and escape with evidence offer distinctive claim and enable the buyers to make logic reasons. The broken bridge, relaxed female and the rescued dog supports the precision of Toyota products in all terrains across the world. By observing and reading, the bold letters emphasize importance of the vehicle. Hence, the ad provides a clear message of dependability, sincerity and durability of Toyota Camry spells out. Besides, ethos emanates the posters appealing style of dispatch and tone. Thus, the ad provides viewers with opportunity to visualize the actual car and make comparisons of the past, present and future replicas. The approach suggestively guides sound decision-making process when purchasing the car. In this context, the picture of the girl shows audacity in pursuit of a beneficial outcome. Hence, the picture translates that Toyota Camry improves livelihood and performs better than competing car

Breast cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Breast cancer - Essay Example All these issues of giving importance to early screening, bringing into public the success stories of breast cancer survivors, raising money to help deprived sufferers, etc, etc are being carried out as part of Pink Ribbon breast cancer awareness campaign. This campaign is the subject of the article, Pink Ribbon Fatigue written by Barron H. Lerner, a physician and medical historian, in New York Times. However, the article looks at the negative side of this awareness campaign, by discussing how the Pink Ribbon campaign is not doing enough to solve this public health issue, as there are no major constructive actions or follow-ups. As stated by the author of the article, although the Pink Ribbon campaign has been a â€Å"spectacular success†, particularly in its attempt to bring recognition and importantly funding to the breast cancer cause, sizable sections view there is not much practical steps. â€Å"Pink ribbon paraphernalia saturate shopping malls, billboards, magazines, television and other entertainment venues†¦The pervasiveness of the pink ribbon campaign leads many people to believe that the fight against breast cancer is progressing, when in truth it’s barely begun.† (Lerner). This has led to growing impatience among some critics, who are deriding the â€Å"pink ribbon culture† as just another publicity exercise or marketing gimmick carried out with the aid of pharmaceutical companies, who have vested interests in them. The main grouse of these critics and which is turning breast cancer into a major public health issue, is that, awareness is not translating into actio n to cut down on the number of victims, and also not enough actions are being taken to alleviate the problems of the current sufferers, with wrong or main focus only on the survivors. The National Breast Cancer Coalition, a highly visible activist group based in Washington, D.C. has also taken a swipe at pink culture â€Å"and go beyond awareness into action to end breast cancer.†

Drug testing for public assistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug testing for public assistance - Essay Example On the other hand, the people who oppose the said notion are addressing the fact that the random drug testing is ‘scientifically and medically’ illogical. Aside from the fact that it was expressed to be ‘fiscally irresponsible’ (American Civil Liberties Union 1). On a personal note, both side present reasonable conjecture regarding the issue although as a citizen, I am in favor of the implementation of drug testing. There are different points that can be presented regarding the said point of view. Thus, the discussion is aimed to present the reasons for agreeing with the advocates of the issue and the reasons for disagreeing with the critics. One point is related to the fact that every citizen of the nation has his or her own responsibilities toward the community. Due to that fact that these people are in need of public assistance, on the basis of different reasons such as the lack of income sources, following the rules set up by the authorities can be considered as their duty. This view is even strengthened by the fact that the funds for public assistance are coming from the taxes of the citizen with stable source of income (Sachteleben 1). Another point that can be presented in favor of the drug testing is the fact that even the employees and workers who are screened for their jobs are being required to have drug test. This means that the said procedure is not meant to separate the group of people who needs public assistance from other groups in the community. For that matter, critics of the notion cannot use the reason that there is maltreatment or unjust regard towards the said group (Sachteleben 1).

Information, Information Technology and Information Systems Essay

Information, Information Technology and Information Systems - Essay Example This is true with Integrated Report System Company who’s specialty includes conceptualizing programs that assists sales oriented industries become a market leader. These programs work well with firms that requires vast resources of information to be broken down, analyzed, compare and plotted, useful in establish a strong foundation of judgments. This web based business intelligence software provides a concrete and accurate data collection and analysis that helps small and medium scale industries anticipate/plan their move and realize strategies that could allow them to achieve their goal for their product. The business activities and functions this software supports is basically sales related, a sales interactive reporting designed to fit the needs of Sales reps and mangers, CEOs and CFOs, product or account managers, whereby necessary market information and trend are made available through data collection and banking together with other programs that monitors the movement and turnover of their product. This system also allows the abovementioned individuals a critical view of the business that necessitates well calculated anticipation and aggressive moves. Interactive Reporting system provides state of the art tools for integrated interactive reporting such that makes use of templates which encapsulates pertinent records of transaction history and other raw data that can be inquired upon, and a mapping technology that connects the user to their data source. These tools are set to be modularized and separated from a specific installation which therefore "permits the re-use of logic, the provisioning of the BI integration process by domain experts and the significant reductions in the cost and time required for an enterprise's acquisition of BI capabilities". More specifically, these tools are "highly scalable; flexible in design; easily integrated into any data source; have a unified view with drill-down capability and an 'Out-Of-The-Box Solution' that runs on top of any system leveraging existing IT investments. This software supports Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MS Access, Informix, MySQL and IBM DB2. It is a web based intranet product that uses data extracted from your data warehouse. It also provides a standardized templates and mappings so you don't need to design sales reports or spreadsheets from scratch. With Integrated Reporting highly critical information pertaining to sales function are easily accessible and comprehended in terms of what products being sold, areas of distribution, means and method of positioning, and most importantly its corresponding figures. With this in hand, reporting and analysis is made easy, while concrete and immediate solutions are readily perceived. This software assumes that there is a preexisting operating system installed as well as a network, as it simply brings you into using existing software in any activity you wish to engage upon, whether creating spreadsheets or report templates. It cam also be patched to the existing accounting system whereby i t allows you to synchronize previous information to present and integrate, differentiate or update them. This software is designed to make things simpler and faster and therefore hassle free. This software is also created upon the assumption that there is basic knowledge in various computer applications, otherwise an orientation is required. In a business that

Non Specific Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non Specific Topics - Essay Example In anticipated inflation, actual inflation will be significantly above expectations or well below. This will result in losses in incomes, and income and wealth is redistributed from one society group to another. Households are able to switch savings into deposits for higher nominal rates in anticipated inflation. Companies will readjust prices and lenders adjust rates of interest. Both of this inflation will affect the economy. Industrial policy is an economic program that is government sponsored where public and private sectors combine efforts to come up with technological and industrial innovations. The government provides the capital and financial support to the private sector. Industry policy enhances cooperation between banks, governments, employees, and private enterprises for strengthening the national economy. Industry policy will focus on positive elements. It will focus on innovation, to come up with better and effective methods of production and business as the product. Industrial policy has clear goals on the short and long term. These goals are to be accomplished through institutional structures set up by the industry policies. Industry policy will also have their weaknesses including its incompatibility with macroeconomic policies. There will also be deficiencies in the infrastructure system. Industrial policy will at times be incoherent with economic instruments. The law of diminishing returns is a principle of short run production. It states that as a firm will continue combining more of an input that is variable with an input that is fixed the marginal product of the input variable will decline eventually. The amount of output per worker and capital per worker relationship is the per-worker production function. In the per-worker production function, there will be a point where there are increasing profits no matter the input by the workers. The output increases at an increasing rate. It will do so up

Discuss the various reactions that the Choragos and Chorus undergo Essay

Discuss the various reactions that the Choragos and Chorus undergo throughout the play at various key points in Oedipus Rex - Essay Example Character development through the first part of the play allows the writer to introduce desired qualities and attributed related to the role played by that character later. In this case, it makes it easier to develop and maintain a given theme within the major sections of the tragedy. Oedipus Rex Play comprise of categorized characters each assuming an inherent role in depicting an actual ancient Greek society. In this context, one character in the play is Chorus, also commonly referred to as Choragus in plural. Within the play, Chorus refers to a group of elders representing the voice of society in general. In the event of response and reactions, Chorus addresses the theatre as an individual. However, the voice of that individual incorporates responses of all the other elders making up that team. Chorus acts as the judge or a third party reflecting on developments taking place within the play (Ley 12). The group questions the moral and philosophical inclination of other characters i n the play. In addition, the group advice kings and other leaders in authority during decision making process. Chorus possesses theatrical freedom since their role as a group can operate both within and outside the plot’s boundaries. ... As stated earlier, Sophocles develops distinct character traits at the beginning of the play. The tragedy adopts and maintains these developed characters in creating defined and sustainable themes throughout the plot development. With respect to Chorus, the group reacts to plot subjects in an almost consistent manner. As representatives of the larger society, Chorus inclines their objective responses to desires of peace and stability within the subject society. Chorus vehemently disapproves actions of Antigone’s brother in their struggle for leadership positions. Within the first section of the play, Chorus reactions support Antigone’s actions and decisions. Creon, who was the King as this part of the play, gave a decree preventing any member of the kingdom from staging a burial ceremony for Polynices. According to the king, Polynices proved their disloyalty and betrayed the empire; hence does not deserve respect even at burial (Sophocles 201). At this section, Chorus r eacts to Creon’s decree by insinuating that the new king plans to abuse power. The group of elders emphasize on the importance of respecting the law of the land and those of gods by leaders. At the beginning, Chorus praises Creon and the Greek people at large on the manner in which man can achieve desired goals through concerted efforts. The group illustrates man’s ability by describing the manner in which Greek men tamed horses, snared birds and cross vast seas during winter (Sophocles 36). However, the tone of their ode changes towards the end of this first part. Chorus reacts by insinuating that man can misuse power in a manner likely to compromise law of gods and that of the

International Student at MSU and the Problem They Face Essay

International Student at MSU and the Problem They Face - Essay Example In short, the MSU can help itself in attracting a large number of international students years-on if the offered environment is congenial enough for international students that all their important issues get a patient listening by the authorities at the helm of affairs. International students wanting to study are not accustomed to the new way of life waiting them at MSU. A good chunk of their time gets in updating their VISA documentation work completed, leaving no time to do research on the new environment. So a feeling of discomfort circumvents when sudden problems surface, making them confused as to how to overcome the problems, which could be social or psychological or any other related matter of concern. One such social problem is that of communication with the native students (Jang, 2005). The most important social problem of international students is communication, as it becomes a big hindrance to them. They are not as good in the spoken form of English as are the natives. As belonging to different cultural backgrounds, they don’t get the desired environment and feel aloof like strangers. They cannot express their views on topics of interest comfortably with their American and other international classmates, as they also come from different cultural and social backgrounds. ... orientation courses can be offered to such students to increase not only their English speaking skills but reading and writing skills as well (Jang, 2005). Another most important problem of International students is although academic but it strains them psychologically, as they get psychologically affected to first focus on attempting their majors so that they become eligible for scholarship. They cannot ignore either English learning or their majors, devoting their time equally on both. Time becomes the major hindrance in communicating with others. Miscommunication sometimes adds to their problems, as they cannot speak English as fast as the natives. It promotes unpleasantness among students belonging to various countries and the native students (Jang, 2005). The most important administrative problems are concerned with student ID cards, billing, and payment procedures. Students require keeping two identities, one is passport identity and the other is SMSU student identity card or à ¢â‚¬Å"Mustang ID†. Students have to carry their student identity card with them all times. Without showing their identity card, they cannot get access to library and computer labs. Administrative staff can ask them to show their international student identity any time. Further, students need to follow the deadline of depositing fee and other expenses, which are quite crucial from students’ perspective because a shortage of funds can be decisive to the progress of their semester. Students, therefore, need to be always on the alert to be disciplined in all academic and administrative matters (SMSU, 2010). One Korean student, named Tim, told that she felt hesitant in asking unrelated questions in the classroom. She was under the impression that only related and selected questions can be asked

Paper discussing the theme and proving it in Sophocles's play Oedipus Essay

Paper discussing the theme and proving it in Sophocles's play Oedipus the King - Essay Example Aristotle (1998) stated â€Å"the tragic hero falls into bad fortune because of some flaw in his character of the kind found in men of high reputation and good fortune such as Oedipus.† In this statement, he indicates Oedipus had a flaw that, because of his high station, would ultimately cause his demise. In this essay I will argue how Oedipus from Oedipus the King by Sophocles is a protagonist driven by the passion of pride and how this largely contributes to his own downfall, placing the discussion within the context of the classical definition of a tragedy. As has been mentioned, the classic definition of a tragedy begins with the driving force behind the action which was referred to as hamartia. Hamartia is commonly referred to today as a tragic flaw (â€Å"Aristotle†, 1998). It is the concept that a noble man will fall not as the result of a vengeful god or violation of the god’s laws per se, but rather as a result of some inherent flawed portion of his character that causes him to act in a specific way or make a particular mistake in judgment. In much of Greek tragedy, this tragic flaw appears in the form of an excessive pride on the part of the protagonist that renders them incapable of listening to the counsel of others or of correctly perceiving the events taking place around them. This behavior or mistake will be the actual cause of ruin thus illustrating that the fall of great people is not necessarily the will of the gods but are instead manifestations of the gods allowing humans to act of their own accord, for b etter or worse. In Oedipus the King, the action opens as Oedipus is approached by plague-stricken masses asking help from him as king. When he sees his people gathered around him as if he were a god, his response to them is â€Å"What means this reek of incense everywhere, / From others, and am hither come, myself, / I Oedipus, your world-renowned king† (4-8). Although the people of Oedipus’ day did turn to

My fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet Essay Example for Free

My fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet Essay My lady and I were asked to join my fellow thanes for Macbeths Coronation banquet. As we entered the cavernous hall, which had been decorated with splendid colours and banners, I noticed few people were talking. The sullen silence made the hall seem even bigger and perhaps even darker, and then, I gasped in astonishment as I noticed the feast (I do not know how I could have missed it) it was so vast it took up twenty full tables. Every imaginable food was there including much game. I had only just taken it all in when the sound of trumpets announced to the assembly the king was coming. He and his wife entered. Macbeth was dressed in fine clothes, red and gold silks and rare animal furs. Upon each finger a gold ring glittered , and of course the golden crown of the king. Lady Macbeth was also dressed in fine silks complimenting her pale cold looks perfectly, and also upon her hand rings glistened and gleamed like sun glinting off a newly forged sword. Around her neck many fine chains of gold and silver, the best that could be found. But soon things became not as they should, when my lord started seeing apparitions and things that were clearly not there. They may not have been there but the look of horror on Lord Macbeths face was enough to persuade me that he saw something others could not, and would not like to. But our Lady Macbeth reassured us and tried to explain it was a problem from childhood. But also throughout the most royal banquet our lord Macbeth disappeared and reappeared many times, he was rumored to have been seen with to shifty looking rogues. My lord and lady Macbeth were also seen to be quarreling throughout the evening, the air between them was thick with unsaid threats and promises, they were both on edge throughout the evening even though his lordship tried hard to hide it. Unfortunately we were asked to leave early as Macbeth had gone into another trance, seeing things that were not there, he talked about them too he spoke of grievances and of blood and injury but as soon as started they had finished and we were bid leave.

Discrimination in Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Discrimination in Healthcare Essay The new test is whether or not certain treatment was unfavourable to the person claiming discrimination, focusing on the consequences of the treatment on the person claiming direct discrimination because of a protected attribute. Examples of direct discrimination An employer advises an employee that they will not be trained to work on new machinery because they are too old to learn new skills. The employer has discriminated against the employee by denying them training in their employment on the basis of their age. A real estate agent refuses an African man’s application for a lease. The real estate agent tells the man that the landlord would prefer an Australian tenant. The real estate agent has discriminated against the man by denying him accommodation on the basis of his race. Indirect The definition of indirect discrimination has been simplified by removing existing technicalities and providing further clarity around the factors to consider in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable in the circumstances. Indirect discrimination will occur where a person imposes, or proposes to impose, a requirement, condition or practice that has, or is likely to have, the effect of disadvantaging people with a protected attribute, and that is not reasonable. The new test for indirect discrimination: needs a person to show that the requirement, condition or practice causes, or is likely to cause disadvantage, rather than demonstrating that they cannot comply with a requirement, condition or practice removes the requirement that the person claiming indirect discrimination must establish that a substantially higher proportion of people without the attribute that they have can comply with the requirement, condition or practice places the onus of proof regarding the easonableness of the requirement, condition or practice on the person who imposed or proposes to impose it extends the factors to be considered in determining whether a requirement, condition or practice is reasonable.

The issues faced by red tape shoes

The issues faced by red tape shoes As I am the customer of RED TAPE shoes and seen its globalization in a very short period time and also have done corporate social responsibility in many area . In a limited period of time increased its foreign investment .so this is a the issues why i have taken mirza tanner as my topic. Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh was originally incorporated as a Private Limited Company under the Companies Act, 1956 on 5th Sep., 1979 under the name and style of Mirza Tanners Pvt. Ltd. The Company became a Deemed Public Limited Company from 1st July, 1993 and converted into a Public Limited Company. The Company has been promoted by Mr. Irshad Mirza and Mr. Rashid Ahmad Mirza. Mr. Irshad Mirza is having more than 40 years of experience in the manufacturing and marketing of Leather Products. The Tannery Unit of the Company was set up in 1981 which has been gradually modernised and expanded to the present capacity to produce 50.00 lac sq. ft. of high quality Finished Leather. This conforms to the specifications approved by the Government of India given under the Export Control Order, 1991. In the year 1988, the Company diversified into manufacturing of 2.25 lac pairs of Shoe Uppers per annum by setting up an integrated unit at Juhi, Kanpur which was increased to its present capacity of 4.50 lacs pairs of Shoe uppers. Subsequently, the Company established a complete shoe factory in the year 1990 at Magarwara, Unnao for manufacture of 2.25 lac pairs of Shoes per annum which was increased to its present capacity of 4.50 lacs pairs of Shoes during 1992-93. The objective of the Company behind setting up these factories was mainly for catering to the quality conscious export markets of United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Portugal and also to Australia. (DION GLOBAL SOLUTIONS LTD) VISION: We want to achieve and embrace the world wide leaders position by sticking to our core values. We want to reach an altius and extend it to horizons. Our vision is put into action through programs and a focus on craftmenship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making Shoemac Leather Tech Engineers a truly sustainable company. MISSION: To keep  researching developing tech savvy machines, tannery mechanism  and other components to optimize the production and minimize the cost. We love to satisfy our global clients with our core values; customized solutions, excellent quality, reasonable price, punctual delivery and sincere service. AIM: The main objective of setting up this company was to enable the Indian Industry to overcome hardship faced while importing shoe machinery so that within the country itself, the indigenous machinery and components could be Easily developed with a view to optimize the cost and economize the operations and by the setting up of this company we have bring our country out of inferiority complex. Further, the valuable foreign exchange will be saved as the machines are locally available. GLOBALIZATION: As people do not like to experiment too much with their skin same is the case with footwear. When choosing footwear the one thing that is most important is comfort. Although with the changing trends peoples perception about footwear is also changing but one thing that does not change is the comfort level provided by a particular brand of shoes. Shoes were never a subject of major concern for the common middle class Indian till recently. Due to the emerging fashion trends in India over the last few decades shoes have become an integral part of a persons overall appearance. Nowadays there are shoes meant for different occasions. The two most famous categories of shoes are formal and sports shoes. The sports shoes market in India is also very big considering the large population of youth in the country. The top sports shoe brands in India are Reebok, Nike and Adidas. These top shoe brands in India are all international brands but have over the years captured the Indian market tremendously. They have penetrated in almost all the Indian cities and towns.   The footwear industry in India has also witnessed a significant growth over the last few years. Due to the increasing levels of consciousness about Indians regarding the way they look due to this the clothes and footwear market in India has been on a roll since the last ten years.   India is one of the major global shoe manufacturers and is responsible for churning out almost 1736 million pairs of shoes annually. India is said to be the second largest shoe manufacturers only after China. One of the major reasons for booming footwear industry in India is the availability of cheap labour and abundant raw materials. India is also one of the biggest good quality leather exporters in the world. Since shoes are not bought everyday the one thing that is most important while purchasing shoes is its quality. People nowadays are mixing comfort with the emerging fashion trend. A shoe along with being comfortable also has to be visually appealing. Some of the Top Shoe Brands in India are Red Tape, Florsheim, Gabor, Salamander, Clarks, and St. Micheals. These top shoe brands in India are known for their durability, superior balance and grip and enormous collections of stylish shoes for both men and women. They are also made out of the finest of leather and are also priced mo derately. Red Tape which is currently the Top Shoe Brands in India is a hot favourite among the men of the count Known for its unparalleled comfort, international styles and finesse, Red Tape the flagship brand of Mirza International Limited, was launched in the year 1996. The brand has today become synonymous with hi-fashion lifestyle, owing to its unmatched quality, skilled craftsmanship and trendy products. Endorsed by the style icon Salman Khan, Red Tape  has become Indias most loved premium lifestyle brand. (Business maps .India(12/02/2010) Red Tape Fashion for Your Feet: Red Tape has emerged as a leader in the high-end fashion footwear segment. The Red Tape footwear range is designed in company-owned design studios in the UK and Italy and manufactured using international quality materials from European countries. Having become Indias favourite mens footwear, the brand has now diversified into Womens footwear. Redtape-FashionforYou: Red Tape has recently forayed into the apparel sector and unveiled mens clothing and accessories line up. This new range offers an eclectic mix of casual wear including shirts, jackets, denims, tees, pants/shorts and accessories such as belts, socks and wallets. Red Tape- Fashion for the World: Red Tape is an international brand, present across the US, UK, France, Germany, West Asia and South Africa. The Red Tape products are being sold globally through the companys extensive global distribution channel. Red Tape Fashion that is Truly Global The Red Tape range of shoes, apparel accessories reflect the latest fashion tends across the globe. These are designed in company-owned design studios in the UK and Italy and manufactured using international quality materials from European countries, in order to produce a truly global product. Red Tape Fashion in Your Reach Red Tape products are available across India through multiple brand outlets, chain stores and exclusive Red Tape showrooms. Its countrywide network of exclusive showrooms spans 30 cities in India. (MIRZA INTERNATIONAL LTD, 2007) KEY DRIVER OF GLOBALIZATION: With an eye on the potential of the sector, the Indian Government has placed an emphasis on the utilization of the available raw materials to maximize returns. It has introduced a number of  initiatives, with the special emphasis on integrated development  of the tanning sector.  These includes raw material augmentation, technology upgrade, and promotion of  environmental cleaner processing options, quality standardization and  human skills development .To encourage training of unorganized artisan workers, the Government has given support to well equipped training institutions to encourage training programmes to be given jointly with reputed foreign enterprises and experts the various measures taken by the government are as follows- De-licensing of integrated tanneries that convert raw hides and skins into finished leather. Several leather goods have been de-reserved from the small Scale Sector. Free import of raw hides skins, semi-finished and  finished leather. Concessional duty on  imported machinery and chemicals. Free export of raw  hides skins, semi-finished and  finished leather and leather products. Policies to facilitate modernization / up gradation: In June 2005 the government  initiated a Rs. 2788.45  million (50.82  Million Euros)  µmodernizing scheme ¶ called the  µ Integrated Leather Development Programme ¶, whereby all leather tanning and product  units will be eligible for modernization assistance. The assistance will be to the  extent of 30% of  project cost for Small scale industry (SSI) units and 20% for non-SSI units. Establishment of  µdesign centres ¶ at individual manufacturing units, to  facilitate improvement in design capabilities: Under this scheme, 25  % of the project cost is provided to the units under the market access initiative scheme of the Ministry Of  Commerce and Industry. The regulatory body for this  industry is: Council for Leather Exports (CLE): The Council for Leather Exports was set up in July 1984. A non-profit company registered under  the Indian Companies Act, 1956, the Council functions under the Ministry of Commerce, Government of India. The Council is entrusted with export promotion activities and overall development of the Indian  leather industry. The Councils activities also include promoting Foreign Direct Investments and Joint Ventures in the Indian leather industry. The CLE serves as a bridge between Indian leather exporters and buyers all over the  world. Council for Leather. (WWW.FIBRE2 FASHION.COM) CSR: Welfare of the neighbouring communities Resettlement of War Victims Donations to Prime Ministers Relief Fund are made through district administration from time to time Flag Day, on every Dec 7th, is celebrated by extending generous financial contribution to the Armed Forces Welfare Fund. Ex-Servicemen are offered resettlement opportunities. Till now around 200 ex-service personnel have been offered job opportunities in the factories and other locations as regular employees or as security personnel. Army Wives Welfare Association is helped through generous donations, distribution of sewing machines and their felicitation at various occasions. Financial aid provided to meet the vocational training needs of war widows and Kargil war victims. Resettlement of War Victims Blankets are distributed to the poor during extreme winter conditions Temporary shelter is extended to the needy, poor and those displaced due to natural calamities. Financial assistance is offered regularly to Kusht Niyanthran and NinmoolanCentre at 11,  Knowledge  Park, Greater Noida. Blood Donation Camp was organized at the unit premises, where employees and the directors donated blood for noble cause. Environmental Preservation: Environmental Management System has been implemented in the factory and awareness towards environmental protection is spread to the locals. The unit has been certified as ISO 14001:2004 Encouraged and promoted Ganga Cleaning Abhyas to ensure clean drinking water and to reduce pollution. Pioneer in setting up an in-house Effluent Treatment Plant at the Tannery. World Environment Day Van Mahotsav observed every year and workers and management jointly plant trees at various locations. All DG sets have been replaced with Eco-friendly ones. All vehicles are being replaced with CNG vehicles in a phased manner. Corporate Social Responsibility  ( Annual Report 2007-08) The Company also attempted to leave a mark as a socially responsible corporate citizen, by taking all meaningful measures to enrich the environment and the people all around, especially the backward and economically weaker sections of the society. The Company is fully aware of its responsibilities towards areas like Human Rights, Business Ethics, Corporate Contributions, Environmental Policies, Community Development and Work Place issues. (WWW.MIRZA. CO.IN/ IN CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY, 2008) COPORATE GOVERNANCE: Your company is committed to good governance practices that create long term sustainable shareholder value. Keeping in view of the Companys size, global operations and corporate traditions, the board of director lays strong emphasis on transparency, accountability and integrity. A separate report on Corporate Governance together with a certificate from Statutory Auditors confirming compliance with corporate governance requirement as stipulated in Clause 49 of the listing agreement with the stock exchange has been annexed as part of this report. MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS: Industry Structure and Development: Leather Industry in India has come a long way over the last four decades. From a resource based industry supplying abundant Indian raw hides in semi-finished and finished state, it is now a major supplier of value added finished goods like footwear, bags travel accessories, harness saddlery and fashion accessories like belts and wallets. From the status of exporter of raw hides semi-finished leather, the country has now turned into a major importer of these goods. With a high employment potential leather industry has always been on the priority list of government. Planning. The present Government has placed the development of this industry on a yet higher priority and has formulated a scheme of setting up leather parks across the country. The industry, therefore, will witness accelerated growth over the coming years. The export of leather and leather products for the first nine months of 2007-08 i.e. April-December 2007 touched US$ 2485.58 million a g a i n s t t h e p e r fo r ma n c e o f US $ 2258 .81 million in t h e corresponding period of last year, registering a positive growth of 10.4% in Dollar terms. In rupee terms the export touched Rs. 100435.54 million against the previous year performance of Rs. 103021.12 million showing a decline of 2.51%. Export of footwear (leather, footwear components non leather footwear) has increased from US$ 871.92 million in April-December, 2006 to US$ 1023.31 million in April-December, 2007, registering a growth of 17.36%. Opportunities, Threats, Risks Concerns: The pressure on China to strengthen its currency presents a historical opportunity to all Indian exporters who face stiff competition from cheap Chinese products. Your company is no exception. It expects a sustained growth of demand for its products from global customers in the forthcoming years. Global hardening of crude oil price has led to a sharp escalation in cost of several raw materials. Oil prices in India were held back by the Government but will rise sharply in future. This would have impact on cost of power and fuel, inland transportation, air and sea freight and also an all round increase in costs in the economy. This will pose fresh challenges for your company. A high degree of volatility has characterized the currency markets throughout the last year and the same is expected to continue in future. Such sharp volatility brings along with it, a high degree of uncertainty. In such a scenario, currency risk management is another major challenge before the company. Outlook: Despite the above challenges the outlook for your company is bright with surging demand for its products. Increased capacities will bring economies of scale. The increase in oil prices has weakened the Indian rupee and the company will be a beneficiary of the same. Segment-wise Performance: The companys business segment is primarily Shoe Division and Tannery Division. During the year under review, the Shoe Division revenue was Rs. 283.35 Crores and Tannery Division revenue was Rs. 97.30 Crores. Internal Control System and their Adequacy: The Company has a well established framework of internal controls in operation, including suitable monitoring procedures and self assessment exercises. An independent Internal Audit function reviews the Companys financial and operating controls at various locations. The companys Risk Management frame work ensures compliance with the provisions of Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement. Senior Management has ownership of key risks, their management and mitigation plans. The Board, through the Audit Committee, headed by a non-executive independent director, reviews the key risks, the internal control framework and the audit findings. Discussions of financial were almost at the same level as last year. However, profitability of the company has suffered due to increase in cost of all major input items, increase in interest rates, lower value realization on account of stronger rupee. Management is continuously honing competencies to improve the range and designs of our product by making substantial investments for scaling up the capacities to achieve higher profitability. Human Resources Human Resources forms an integral part of your Companys strategy for growth. On the Industrial Relations front, your company continued to enjoy a cordially and harmonious relations with its employees and Unions. Your company had a staff strength of 1860 employees as on 31st March, 2008.Your company is a blue chip footwear company, certified for ISO-9001:2000 (Quality Management System), ISO-14001:2004 (Environmental Management System) and SA-8000:2001 (Social Accountability Management System), equipped with Labs accredited SATRA Tec hnology Centre (UK) and accorded Associate Membership by Foot Wear Design Development Institute (Ministry of Commerce Industry, Government of India). Corporate Social Responsibility Your Company also attempted to leave a mark as a socially responsible corporate citizen, by taking all meaningful measures to enrich the environment and the people all around, specially the backward and economically weaker sections of the society. Your Company is fully aware of its responsibilities towards areas like Human Rights, Business Ethics, Corporate contributions, Environmental Policies, Community Development and Work Place issues. MIRZA INTERNATIONAL: VALUES: High-end, fully integrated rather shoe manufacturing facilities offering considerable cost advantage and international quality. Its Competitive advantage owing to companys established premium brands and knowledge of Indian consumers. Its a growing network of exclusive company-owned and franchised stores for retailing companys products. Superior technological capabilities backed by a pool of highly skilled designers and extensive distribution network. SWOT: Strengths High Growth Ready availability of highly skilled and cheap manpower Large raw material base Policy initiatives taken by the Government Capability to assimilate new technologies and handle large projects Continuous emphasis on product development and design up gradation Weaknesses Lack of warehousing support from the government International price fluctuation Huge labour force resulting in high labour charges Lack of strong presence in the global fashion market Unawareness of international standards by many players Opportunities Rising potential in the domestic market Growing fashion consciousness globally Use of information technology and decision support software to help eliminate the length of the production cycle for different products Use of e-commerce in direct marketing Threats Major part of the industry is unorganised Limited scope for mobilising funds through private placements and public issues (many businesses are family-owned) Difficulty in obtaining bank loans resulting in high cost of private borrowing Stricter international standards High competition from East European countries and other Asian countries. Lack of communication facilities and skills PESTEL ANALYSIS: Political Home market lobbying/pressure groups Very few sporting events apart from taking stars like SALMAN KHAN, to attract customers. Economic a. Marginal share of 2.44 percent in global trade worth US$ 97.606 billion. b. Estimated target of 12 bn $ (7bn $ export + 5 bn $ domestic) trade by the year 2012 overseas economies and trends. c. The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 20% for the period spanning from 2008 to 2011. Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-07. d. Growing middle class and growing buyer power leading customers to look for branded shoes. e. Seasonality issues sports is more of a rage in summers. f. Lack of targeting of market segments for kids and women. Social Lifestyle trends upward shift demographics Consumer attitudes and opinions changing favourably towards branded shoes Media views Consumer buying patterns fashion and role models buying access and trendsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ advertising and publicity Technological Competing technology development India offers benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and a huge Consumption market Research funding in design and requirements Manufacturing maturity and capacity Information and communications Consumer buying mechanisms/technology Innovation potential technology access, licensing, patents FDI (foreign direct investment): Red tape affecting FDI: New Delhi: an investor unfriendly regulatory framework and high levels of red tape have been identified as the major roadblocks in the path of FDI inflows into India, according to a study. and its no wonder that only 40 per cent of the total $74.29 billion FDI approved for the country has made its way to the implementation stage. in comparison, china attracts over $40 billion FDI per annum, while a majority of the 385 multinational firms feel that India is a robust market with huge potential, thanks to more profitable operations here than elsewhere, the regulatory frameworks and ground-level hassles act as the biggest disadvantages, according to the FICCI FDI survey 2002. Further, the unfriendly tax regime, labour laws and procedural delays in project implementation were the other factors hampering FDI inflow but India now seems determined to change it all. an inter ministerial committee is likely to submit its report next month suggesting measures to simplify multiple clearances and revamping the structure of to boost Fdi. the committee, chaired by the industry secretary v Govindrajan, is examining all existing procedures for investment approvals and implementation of projects, official sources said the committee would suggest measures to simplify and expedite the process for both public and private investment. The main objective would be to hasten the process of clearance as also to improve the quality of the FDI. meanwhile, 57 per cent of the participants in FICCIS survey dubbed India as a bad investment destination when compared to other global counterparts. over 70 per cent of the companies cited political stability as a critical factor for inviting fdi in future. while manpower was not a concern for overseas firms, 76 per cent of the respondents felt that ground level hassles need to be improved for luring foreign investors (TIMES OF INDIA. INDIA TIME). Infrastructure, red tape bottlenecks to FDI: FICCI survey: With India emerging as a preferred destination, foreign investors have shown strong concern over the state of infrastructure facilities and procedural delays in the country. According to the FICCI FDI Survey 2010, nearly 70% of firms have rated efforts made by the government for providing standardised investment information and proactive marketing of to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) as average. While 86% of the respondents have expressed dissatisfaction with regard to quality and quantity of power made available to them, about 75% have rated the quality of roads and highways in the country as bad and 68% have complained about availability of water for their operations, the survey said Overall, FDI inflows to the developing world continues to Overwhelmingly concentrated in middle-income countries, with Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) alone absorbing about half, the report said. (HT CORRESPONDENT HINDUSTAN TIMES, NEW DELHI, 12TH DEC 2012) REFLECTION: As I am a customer of RED TAPE SO , learnt lot from the company about the globalization its factor and main issue that have raise the company to its peak point and I am very much influenced by the CSR activities that company has done in the past to adequate its preference in the country in the field of leather as many industry follows its quality of opportunities and strength to overcome other company in their sector ,this company have many positive trend for the future prospect in the global world. Top most management of RED TAPE is dealing the company in a positive way and make customer and employee feel happy .It also done social programme for the welfare of war victim by providing all the thing that is required by them. There are some good and bad aspect of all the process .so, red tape also have some bad aspect but the well establish company fluently and smoothly over come the problem and by the correct corporate governance of governing body. At last i am very much influence by the dealing manner of the top management, CSR activities, strength and opportunities that combines to make a Company to give its best in every sector and make a company to reach its peak point. CONCLUSION: The small firms have very limited financial capability to introduce environmentally friendly technologies and production methods. The technology used by Indian leather firms is, by and large, outdated and inefficient. Their environmental performance is poor. They do not use environmentally friendly technologies and produce large amounts of effluent with a high load of pollutant. They also have limited capacity to treat effluent, and in many cases these facilities are not effective. Our case studies of tanneries of RED TAPE areas indicate that show that the adoption of new technology by firms has three important motives. These are: a) a need to meet the environmental standards in the importing countries b) a need to comply with the environmental regulations in India and a need to improve productivity c) The efficient use of raw materials, water, chemicals and power all of which will have positive environmental impact) has not been an important objective of technical change. We also find that strict enforcement of environmental regulations and the availability of financial support at concessional terms are considered by the firms to be important factors which will motivate them to adopt environmentally friendly production methods. Finally, it is unlikely that Indian firms will be able to create a niche in the international market by exporting leather produced through environmentally friendly production processes in the near future. As shown by the study, the processes used by most Indian exporters are not environmentally friendly. Furthermore, they are not in a position to acquire eco labeling, as most of them do not receive consent from the Pollution Board. We feel that the strict enforcement of environmental regulations and the provision of financial support meant especially for the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies are essential if firms are to be motivated to adopt PEST and improve their environmental performance. It is only when these steps are taken that Indian firms will have a realistic chance of emerging as an important exporter of leather goods produced with environmentally friendly production methods. REFERENCES (n.d.). Retrieved from WWW.FIBRE2 FASHION.COM. (2008). Retrieved from WWW.MIRZA. CO.IN/ IN CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY. DION GLOBAL SOLUTIONS LTD. (n.d.). HT CORRESPONDENT HINDUSTAN TIMES, NEW DELHI. (12TH DEC 2012). MIRZA INTERNATIONAL. (28TH FEB 2007). ECONOMIC TIMES . INDIA TIMES .COM. MIRZA INTERNATIONAL LTD. (2007). TIMES OF INDIA. INDIA TIME. (n.d.).

Same Sex Marriage Controversy in the United States Essays -- gay marri

In a very real sense, it is reasonable to argue that the government should have no say at all in the processes of marriage, or decide which adults may or may not legally marry. State and federal governments play a role, of course, in that marriage is a civil union, and provides benefits and legal protections for the couple. Historically, marriage serves the interests of the society by promoting stability and future generations of citizens, and governments usually act in ways to promote this very vital element. At the same time, it is highly questionable whether this governmental authority should have any voice in who chooses to marry, provided those involved are adults and wish to do so. This is in fact, at the heart of the same-sex marriage controversy still gripping the United States. Gay men and women, eager to gain the legal benefits and cultural recognition of legal marriage, demand it as a right, while others assert that marriage itself is defined as a union between only a man and a woman. Meanwhile, states today vary and alter individual state laws, as further debate rages over whether legally permitting same-sex marriage is a federal or state prerogative. As the following will examine and support, same-sex marriage should be at best only a state concern, and the federal government should play no part beyond upholding states’ rights in the matter. This is essentially because governmental jurisdiction over the right to marry should be at a minimum, given the right to marry as not defined by gender within the Constitution or any other foundational law. Moreover, as states increasingly legalize same-sex marriage, a process occurs that is purely democratic in principle; the people are by degrees influencing the nation as ... ...of Chicago Press, 2013. Print. Meezan, W., & Rauch, J. â€Å"Gay Marriage, Same-Sex Parenting, and America's Children." The Future of Children 15.2 (2005): 97-113. Print. Mello, M. Legalizing Gay Marriage: Vermont and The National Debate. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008. Print. Murray, M. â€Å"Marriage rights and parental rights: Parents, the state, and proposition 8.† Stan. JCR & CL 5 (2009): 357-407. Web. Rimmerman, C. A., & Wilcox, C. The Politics of Same-Sex Marriage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Print. Schram, S. After Welfare: The Culture of Postindustrial Social Policy. New York: NYU Press, 2000. Print. Strasser, M. P. On Same-sex Marriage, Civil Unions, and the Rule of Law: Constitutional Interpretation at the Crossroads. Westport: Greenwood Publishing, 2008. Print.

Use of Imagination in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Study in Scarlet and Sig

  Ã‚   While reading Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Arthur Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet and Sign of the Four, I found myself impatiently competing against Mr. Utterson and Sherlock Holmes to find out the solutions to the crimes.   Stevenson and Doyle cleverly use the imagination of their protagonists to display through fictional literature the concern late Victorians felt about the rise of a new science.   The characters of Utterson and Holmes resemble each other in their roles as objective observers who use imagination to create a picture in the reader's mind about the narrative.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Utterson is a prominent London lawyer retained to oversee Dr. Jekyll's personal affairs.   Utterson is characterized as an upright and honest man who is genuinely interested in his client's well being.   Through his acquaintance with Enfield, a man about London, Utterson learns more about Dr. Jekyll's friend, the mysterious Mr. Hyde.   For the reader's benefit, Utterson exhibits his imagination by opening a window to the discrete aspects of Dr. Jekyll's life.   It is important for readers to envision the discrete aspects of Jekyll's character including his good and evil nature that he continually experiments with through scientific study.   This display of imagination allows the narrative to smoothly unfold and quantify Stevenson's attempt to reveal late Victorian concerns through fiction.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Sign of the Four's character of Holmes uses imagination through his role as an optimistic, amateur detective.   Holmes is portrayed as being driven by his imagination, which compels him to shoot cocaine in order to alleviate the feeling of boredom... ... at Pondicherry Lodge and while Utterson's concern with character of Jekyll discloses an aspect of the new science that probes the duality of good versus evil.      Works Cited and Consulted: Doyle, Arthur Conan.   A Study in Scarlet in The Complete Sherlock Holmes.   New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1930.   22-75. Chesney, Kellow. The Victorian Underworld. New York: Schocken Books, 1970. Macdonald, Ross. "The Writer as Detective Hero." Detective Fiction: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Robin W. Winks. Englewood Cliffs, London: Prentice-Hall, 1980. Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. First Vintage Classics Edition. New York: Vintage Books, 1991. Veeder, William. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde after One Hundred Years. Eds. William Veeder and Gordon Hirsch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.   

Aristotle and Happiness of the Soul Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essay

One of Aristotle’s conclusions in the first book of Nicomachean Ethics is that â€Å"human good turns out to be the soul’s activity that expresses virtue†(EN 1.7.1098a17). This conclusion can be explicated with Aristotle’s definitions and reasonings concerning good, activity of soul, and excellence through virtue; all with respect to happiness. Aristotle opens his argument with the statement: â€Å"the good has been well described as that at which everything aims†(1.1.1094a2). This premise means that all actions aim at an end that is good. Moreover, through this definition of good, there are numerous goods corresponding to numerous actions. How can we know which good is the best, or highest good? Aristotle introduces a hierarchy of goods. In order to have an end there must be an activity, yet â€Å"the product (of the activity) is by nature better than the activity†(1.1.1094a6). Rather, each end in turn aims for something else: another end. It seems that this hierarchy would perpetuate into infinity, however Aristotle establishes that there is an action that has an absolute end, meaning that the end aims at nothing else. The action that produces the absolute end is pursued â€Å"because of itself;† thus this end will be the highest and best good (1.2.1094a18-22). Further, Aristotle parallels the highest good with happiness: â€Å"As far as its name goes, most people virtually agree [about what the good is] †¦ (and) call it happiness†(1.4.1095a17-19). In order for happiness to fit Aristotle’s definition of the good it must be â€Å"unconditionally complete† meaning â€Å"choiceworthy in itself†(1.7.1097a34) and â€Å"self-sufficient† meaning â€Å"lacking nothing†(1.7.1097b15). To be the highest good happiness will need to be the â€Å"mos... ...Aristotle’s conclusion relates human good, activity of soul and excellence. It is this expression of virtue through action that allows happiness to be obtained. Such dependence on virtue sets the scene for Aristotle to examine virtue more closely. He will elaborate on the two parts of reasoning well (virtue). The first part of reasoning well is having the right desires to aim oneself at the right good and not just the apparent good. The second part of reasoning well is knowing how to get to this proper desire. This will be further elaborated in book two where Aristotle will explore what it means to reason well and what is means to be virtuous. Work Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Terence Irwin. Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis. 1985. Note: In citations, [] indicate translators additions, while ( ) indicate my own additions.

French and Italian Films Essay

The EU Directive has â€Å"put forth the greatest effort to fend off what it has termed â€Å"American cultural imperialism.. † 14 France is the strongest implementor of this directive that it currently requires utmost 40% of films shown in in the country are of non-European origin. The country is also lobbying for other fellow member states to enact the same quota rules. Even the ex-president Chirac had made his opinion regarding this quota system stating that â€Å"he does not want to see European culture obliterized by American Culture† 15 and it is believed that the entertainment media are not very advantageous in terms of integration but an instrument threatening both national and cultural sovereignty. To prove the French strong views on proper film/cinea values, it has banned Paths of Glory in 1957 claiming that this film was â€Å"a slanderous attack to French Honor. † 16 For Italian films, even during the fascist regime, the film was not utilized as a propaganda device. This is according to Ricci stating that the regime even unified Italy through the elimination of markers of class and regional difference happening in the country during that time through the circulation â€Å"of terms for an imaginary national identity†. 17 Italian film is viewed as an â€Å"integral part†18 of the country’s politics. Actually, the censorship board was established, more to regulate films civic and politically related contents than that of sexually or morally intruging contents. The Tangentopoli scandal in 1992 had delegitimised Italian politicians in the eyes of the public but even prior this scandal, government corruption were already depicted in films such as the 1989 Il Portaborse (The Footman) of Luchetti. Moreover, this was also the period when the trend in production have focused on â€Å"historical fictions† 19 with emphasis on Italy’s history and even depicting the own history of cinema implying that television does not have good impact on the film industry such as the Cinema Paradiso. Currently, Italian government provide fundings for films they promote including various assistance from the Direzione Generale per il Cinema (Directorate General Cinema) giving out funds to deserving producers of films promoting the Italian/European culture outside of Italy (promozione all’estero) and for film d’essai (independent/art films) 20 Aside from these fundings, there is also the European Ivestment Bank (EIB) funding film productions in order to compete with the penetrating Hollywood films, not only in Italy but all over the region 21 It is obvious what the European countries want when it comes to film release and promotion: not so much of Hollywood films, protection of cultural values, protection of viewers, promotion of culture and competing with the American in film production and obviously in the market and in profits. IV. Conclusion Films are important weapons for those who may have control as to its regulation and release to public. Films may be used to promote a certain cause or to discourage certain acts. Moreover, when producing a film, various factors must be put into consideration. Among these factors are the current trend and interest or demand of the viewing public (especially for commercial films) and more importantly, the rules that govern over these films. These rules are, more often than not, imposed by regulatory bodies, either private or by the government to assess and classify, as well as control the release and approval of the films shown in an area or market. In European nations, various strategies are employed to promote the film industry. These involve funding of deserving film production and promotion on European values. One strong factor that makes Europe unite when film issues are being talked about is the influence and the challenge that Hollywood films cause to the European nations and European market. American films are viewed as mostly culturally damaging for Europeans as well as penetrating the industry’s market leaving losses to European film producers. In this regard, European nations have looked for some measures in protecting their culture as well as securing its market through the EU Directive, as well as through national regulations, limiting Hollywood and other foreign films shown in European nations. End Notes 1Ricci, S. Cinema and fascism, Italian Film and Society, 1922-1943, UC Regents,UC Press,2008 retrieved 31 May 2008,< http://www. ucpress. edu/books/pages/10916/10916. ch01. pdf >. 2 Rinaman, K, French Film Quotas and Cultural Protectionism, Case Number 332, 1996, American Education, retrieved 31 May 2008, .

The Challenges Faced by North Korean Defectors

The Ch onlyenges Faced by imputable matrimony Korean Def electroshock therapyors, and the E? ectiveness of nongovern psychic organizations in Aiding their employ Sociology 250 Gabrielle Bishop Instructor Jerry Hinbest northeastern Korean refugees demo a number of obstacles both preceding to and later on making the escape from a regime that has liter for each oney starved them from solid food, facts, and freedom. From the twenty-four hours they be born, normality Koreans are e? ectively brainwashed by their organisation into accept that they represent in a clipers paradise, and that in comparison the remote institution is a hopeless place.Most go onto believe this whole-heartedly, as outside ows of information (which could potentially happen upon their authorities) are essentially non-existent. However, in the heat of extreme food short decrease alongs, m some(prenominal) citizens fill decided to defect from the Democratic Peoples nation of northerly Korea (DPR K). The majority of which intend to mold the travel north through China, to selenium Asia, and nally reach southbound Korea, where they can be granted refugee status and be prone nancial support from the sulphur Korean government.Some select to remain in China, where they accept to live as illegal aliens (Kim, H. K. , & Lee, O. J. (2009). A Phenomenological contain on the determine of conglutination Korean Refugees. Nursing scholarship Quarterly, 22(1), 85-88) as the move to South Korea can be considerable and expensive. Even if they are favored in completing the journey from jointure Korea to China, selenium Asia, South Korea, or elsewhere, studies prove that northmost Korean defectors are at a high risk of experiencing Post-traumatic render b some another(prenominal) (PTSD) (Jeon, W. , Hong, C. , Lee, C. Kim, D. K. , Han, M. , & Min, S. (2005). Correlation Between traumatic Events and Post-traumatic sample Disorder Among northwesterly Korean Defectors in Sou th Korea. daybook of traumatic Stress, 18 (2), 147-154 Chung, S. , & Seo, J. (2007). A work on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among northeastward Korean Defectors and their accessible Adjustment in South Korea. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12, 365-382). However, differentiate has shown that non-governmental organizations (nongovernmental organizations) were successful in helping defectors adjust to their new lives outside of the DPRK 1 Kim, J. (2010). A theater of operations of the Roles of NGOs for sum Korean Refugees pitying Rights. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 8. 1, 76-90. ). Unfortunately, due to the isolationist nature of nitrogen Korea, original look for (and information in general) on related topics can be nearly di? cult to nd. In conclusion, these refugees face a number of tender, physical, and nancial obstacles, starting from the way they stupefy been brainwashed, and leaders to potential mental wellness have sexs, even if their escape from nort hbound Korea is successful.However, replenishment for these refugees is indeed possible. To understand any issue relating to magnetic north Korea, it is rst necessary to understand the scope in which the nation operates. northerly Korea has been referred to as the approximately isolated state in the world (Kim, 2010) this is largely owing to the close grip Kim Jong Il possesses over all state media in the DPRK. However, since the 1990s, much than and more spousal relationship Koreans check do the finis to defect (Kim et all, 2009 Chung et al, 2007).This tight grip a wish extends into the cultivational sphere, as research shows that North Koreas are trained to be mistrustful of outsiders (Lee, D. (2010). Portrayals of Non-North Koreans in North Korean Textbooks and the validation of National Identity . Asian Studies Reivew, 34, 349-369. ) At rst, some might attri plainlye the upgrade number of defectors to the process of globalization, and the a? ects it could swi tch on making sources of eye-opening outside media more readily available in the troglodyte Kingdom. However, with the exception of a a few(prenominal) upper-level party o? ials in the Propaganda Department entrusted with producing the only media allowed in the state, most average North Koreans have no way of understanding what basic tender-hearted rights exist outside of the DPRK (Clippinger, M. E. (1981). Kim Chong-il in the North Korean Mass Media A dissect of Semi-Esoteric Communication. Asian Survey, 21(3), 289-309. ). Thus, case studies have shown that the grand majority of refugees choose to ee because of hungriness and/or economic reasons (Jeon et al, 2005 Robinson, W. C. , Lee, M. K. , Hill, K. , Hsu, E. , & Burnham, G. (2001).Demographic Methods to Assess food jeopardy a North Korean occurrence Study. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 16(4), 286-291. ) this would also condone why the numbers of refugees 2 gain when insider reports of famine increases (Jeon et al, 2005). However, these studies (which all demonstrate evidence of famine) blatantly contradict the North Korean governments constant reassurance that at that place is no shortage of food at heart the DPRK (for example, the Dear Leader recently made a visit to an apple woodlet in rural North Korea which was publicise in an approven North Korean news service.The article gave the impression that gardening in the DPRK is ourishing, and that farmers and consumers alike are all satis ed. Kim Jong Il Gives Field Guidance to Ryongjon fruit Farm. (2011, October 3). Korean News) However, history and past studies have shown that after the death of Kim Il strain (North Koreas Great Leader) in 1994, a series of natural disasters leading to food shortages in the DPRK occurred. In 1995 and 1996, intemperate ooding in 1997 a large-scale drouth (Jeon et al, 2005). This brought about extreme food shortages, placing millions of volume at risk of starvation1 (Robinson et al, 2001).About 75% of the North Korean population are in line to purchase subsidized food rations via the governments Public Distribution governance (Robinson et al, 2001) Ration portions vary depending on age and occupational status (o? cially, adults cod 700g of grain a day children 500g and senior 600g however, recently-arrived North Korean respondents to a brush up conducted in China noned that these were grossly in ated numbers, and that most people have much less) (Robinson et Al, 2001). Despite this, many Koreans tranquillise starve.This has led to many having ed north of the border, to China, where despite the fact that basic social services cannot be guaranteed (the Chinese government does not permit North Korean refugees to stay in China, and has a form _or_ disposal of government to deport said refugees), defectors can at least have access to food via setting up their own lowly farms. Studies estimate that between 50,000 and 150,000 North Koreans are temporarily living in Chin a, because of this (Robinson et al, 2001). 3 Even after making the journey to China, through Southeast Asia, and nally to South Korea, studies show that many North Korean refugees engagement against ental health issues, like PTSD (Yu, S. , Jeon, W. , Cho, Y. , & Eom, J. (2008). Traumatic Experiences and Mental wellness of North Korean Refugees in South Korea. Psychiatry Invest, 5, 213-220 Chung, 2007 Jeon, 2005 etc). A topic under taken in 2007 collected entropy via interviews with North Korean defectors aged 18 and up who had been admitted to South Korea since 1990 and had been there for at least 3 months post-completion of the governments protective management course at the Hanawon rearing centre. The results of this believe prepare the by-line 60 of the 133 spheres (45. 1%) fell inside the wondering(a) chemical group, leaving 73 persons (54. %) in the low- risk group. This meant that almost half of the subjects remained overt to PTSD risks. The mean total nock for soc ial change of the high-risk group was 34. 22, and that of the low-risk group was 36. 51 the 2. 29-point di? erence between the devil groups was found to be signi cant, t(131) 1? 4 2. 098, p . 05. These results adequately re ect the reality that the social allowance of the high-risk group was poorer than that of the low-risk group, also suggesting that PTSD deserves more attention when considering the likelihood of social adjustment success among North Korean defectors. (Chung, 2007).This study, like many others, showed that along with other issues (ex problems with family relationships and nancial management) the boilers suit level of social adjustment among North Korean defectors in South Korea was preferably low (Chung 2007 Kim 2009 Yu, 2008). The Chung study noted that it would be bene cial, based on the ndings, to institutionalize a mental health intervention system in order to act preemptively against defectors congruous at risk for PTSD and any other mental health issu es, and that a follow-up management system accentuation support among defectors in their new local anaesthetic communities must also be 4 stablished (Chung, 2007). The Chung study also noted that additional care must be say towards fe virile defectors in their adaption to South Korean society, as they are often at risk for sexual abuse, among other di? culties, that their male counterparts are not faced with however, in spite of this, female defectors still show lower levels of PTSD symptoms and social adjustment than their male counterparts (Chung, 2007).One gap in the Chung research project was that it failed to denotation the issue of North Korean defectors past traumatic experiences, and that it acknowledge that more in-depth data on the subject should be collected for a more holistic understanding of North Korean defectors social adjustments to life in South Korea. Most NGO activities for North Korean refugees are focused on providing military personnele aid and protecti ng their rights in other countries, particularly China (Kim, 2010). In a study done in 2010 by Jungin Kim, four NGOs working to support North Korean defectors were analyzed. tender-hearted Rights First was the rst NGO to be studied.Research showed that the organization had attempted to mend standards for DPRK human rights, and despite being empty-handed in passing the North Korean Refugee Act of 2002 in the USA, continued to ght towards the establishment of a human rights protection-related law (Kim, 2010). In the second case study, Japan-based Life monetary resource for Korean Refugees (LFKR) was examined. LFKR helped play an instrumental situation in the resettlement of DPRK defectors in Japan. (Kim, 2010) As well, LFKR established and maintained secret routes in spite of appearance North Korea, where food was successfully delivered to famished people (Kim, 2010).LKFR is known to also work alongside Christian Solidarity orbwide (UK), Human Rights without Frontiers (Belgium ), the US Defense Forum (USA), and Durihana delegating (South Korea), in e? orts to build a network of NGOs across the world, united by a common cause (Kim, 2010). Furthermore, the study found that through providing an English- lyric poem website and equipping its sta? with language skills and other heathen background knowledge, LKFR was successful in gaining international attention from journalists and expression networks with other NGOs and government o? ials (Kim, 2010). The Seoul-based NGO known as the Citizens Alliance for North Korean Human 5 Rights (NKHR), has taken an educational approach through training North Korean refugees upon arrival in the south (Kim, 2010). NKHR provides refugee resettlement, various training and cultural programs, publication and academic activities, etc. (Kim, 2010). The study found that these initiatives have indeed proved successful NKHRs only barrier to extending its programs to more defectors being funding (Kim, 2010).Finally, valet Vision was the last NGO studied. enchantment the other NGOs focussed on providing education or resettlement services to defectors, World Vision was found to take a more humanist approach to aiding North Koreans (ex providing them with relief kits in response to the ooding in North Korea) (Kim, 2010). While many of these NGOs were found to play a positive fiber in helping North Korean citizens and defectors, Kim also notes that a possible issue with NGOs is that many compete for limited resources and cite (Kim 2010).As well, he notes that it has been disputed whether or not NGOs can truly remain independent, or third-party, in the sense that the limited notes that does go towards the NGO can come with political strings attached (Kim, 2010). He also points out the obvious endangerment that NGO workers put themselves in when dealing with North Korean and Chinese human rights a? airs, citing the instances where two LFNKR aid workers were arrested and propel into Chinese prisons, as Chi na maintains the philosophy that human rights are not universal, but rather are subject to each respective country (Kim, 2010).In conclusion, research shows that the types of struggles North Korean defectors face are emotional, mental, and economic, among other things. The defectors often choose to ee North Korea due to extreme food shortages, and are met with a world of shock after being exposed to the outside world (as the state media in North Korea is highly regulated and controlled). This shock often manifests itself in the form of PTSD.Several NGOs are trying to address the issues faced by North Korean refugees, through a variety of methods, including humanitarian aid, social support, education, training programs, emotional & mental support, refugee resettlement, etc. These programs are generally rather successful, but are in carry of 6 funding. In closing, research demonstrates that there is indeed hope for North Korean refugees, and with the right capital, surely they will be able to have a stop life postdefection. 7 References Chung, S. , & Seo, J. (2007) A Study on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among North Korean Defectors and their Social Adjustment in South Korea.Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12, 365-382 Clippinger, M. E. (1981). Kim Chong-il in the North Korean Mass Media A Study of Semi-Esoteric Communication. Asian Survey, 21(3), 289-309. Jeon, W. , Hong, C. , Lee, C. , Kim, D. K. , Han, M. , & Min, S. (2005). Correlation Between Traumatic Events and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among North Korean Defectors in South Korea. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 147-154 Kim, H. K. , & Lee, O. J. (2009). A Phenomenological Study on the Experience of North Korean Refugees. Nursing Science Quarterly, 22(1), 85-88 Kim, J. (2010).A Study of the Roles of NGOs for North Korean Refugees Human Rights. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 8. 1, 76-90 Lee, D. (2010). Portrayals of Non-North Koreans in North Korean Textbooks and the Formation of National Identity . Asian Studies Reivew, 34, 349-369. Robinson, W. C. , Lee, M. K. , Hill, K. , Hsu, E. , & Burnham, G. (2001). Demographic Methods to Assess Food Insecurity a North Korean Case Study. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 16(4), 286-291. Yu, S. , Jeon, W. , Cho, Y. , & Eom, J. (2008). Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health of North Korean Refugees in South Korea. Psychiatry Invest, 5, 213-220. 8

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Infrastructure is currently an agency, instead of an asset.Thus, a foundation in which an organization can determine how to achieve current and future aims. There are many types of EA frameworks start with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this unpublished paper is to analyze ToGAF, and analyze how it compares with other EA frameworks.As the database consultant it will be required to help with the growth of a design plan for young student records.Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the special provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships between the important business cognitive processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defin es physical and logical available data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware logical and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the special mission in question.

Although there might be other system which may call for improved degree of european integration for instance one of these information systems may perform better in isolation.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architecture planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases; the part first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from Phase A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its basic needs.Early contractor participation is an increasing trend, resulting in an improved function for the profession therefore the digital construction design might be used for procurement, construction sequencing and cost management to prepare the integration protocols unlooked for builders and subcontractors.Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum different structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings together representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are available to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural old building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during statistical analysis and implementation of the process.

Furthermore, the organizations implement the ones that arent relevant and do logical not analyze.The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover click all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless, there are some viewpoints that are supported by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.Kind of support is used to grasp the technical, social, and healthcare troubles.FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology logical and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is analogous to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints logical and perspectives. However, the rows that are in the FEAF matrix do not directly large map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some significant correlatio n between TOGAF and FEAF.

Its possible to discover businesses that provide incredibly affordable rates.The first three various phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. multiple Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks share. However, EAP what does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture.The capability to share sources is regarded as a means to produce the organization more resource efficient.This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a god given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus & red Fox 2005). ADM guides the way that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibited in the DoDAF.This is because the same purpose of architecture determ ines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern & Ambler 2003).

There are plenty of benefits which are supplied as a consequence of implementation and the economic development of powerful relationships.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in determining details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail best can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF.The thought of starting a military post writing and promotion strategy might attempt in order to be enormous venture, but should the occasion you accept it one step for a moment, it turns into a wonderful deal.Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. & Fox, M. < /p>

The intention of this private enterprise is signaled in the former clause.It brings together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange mathematical models between the given modeling tools, maintain its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors also provide only means towards the achievement of the ISO9001:2000. The book brings into consideration Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’04) and kidney International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT’04).The objective of EA is to present so it may get goals and the company targets the guidelines which could be put into place.New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. The book provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The first book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems d eeds that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures deeds that the developers are in an environment that they can easily embrace.

(2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York: Springer. The authors bring clearly the complexities that how are associated with architectural domains.The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. & Ambler, S.The book contains guidelines deeds that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, logical and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the less real world business needs. Perks, C. & Beveridge, T.The authors’ clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the first book relates EA with service insta nces, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J.

The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of new job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective only way of achieving EA.New York: Springer Publishers. The authors’ brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that free will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.New York: Trafford Publishers. This first book defines the role that is pla yed by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common private Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow sexual selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Enterprise Architecture theoretical Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture.Dynamic Enterprise Architecture: How to Make it work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, legal advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization.

Hume: Morality Is Based on Sentiment

Hume ethical motive is ground on impression This supportup distri merelyively(prenominal)ow for manoeuvre in charge to nurse a exposit partitioning of David Humes mint on intention lessonisticity, and how close to of the separate philosophers would recapitulation his stance. I impart present-go tattle just most w herefore Hume believes flat coat and wrath dont vary for for separately angiotensin-converting enzyme and still(a) peerless an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal). in that respectof I pull up stakes turn Aristotles and doubting Thomas beguile on this final result of his. Next, I leave al atomic number 53 progress up to on how Hume argues that clean-living judgwork forcets atomic number 18nt grounded in causal agent. After contendds, I get out talk rough what he reckons that incorrupt judgments ar founded on. Fin eachy, I testament fall apart a unfavorable judgment of Humes conjecture from Hobbes perspective.Humes take on gentle pietism is a very(prenominal) enkindle ane and soly to contemplate. His main logical argument on the theme is that the lessons of mankind is totally derived from concept, and in no personal manner has some(prenominal) topic to do with causation. He prime(prenominal) traces sight and motive. He grades that the energise arouses to offenses such as emotions, feelings, appetites and yenings. every bit he in like manner goes on to tenability the fretfulnesss as cosmosness all becalm or violent. And according to him, it is our animositys that protr roleplay us to stimulate. He in addition pleads that furors whoremaster in pad be current nor paradoxical, theyre pilot existences (Hume 42 tug 2 split up 3).Then he defines evidence as, what we lavatory regularise, atomic number 18 ruminations of the intelligence, which includes article of faiths, estimate processs, conclusions of arguments, and so on and declargons tha t these rat be au becausetic(p) or counterfeit. It is with these definitions in mind that Hume goes on to absorb the account that craze and exertionor s leftover packingnot pair apiece(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal). Because love lifes argon maestro existences, they ar n either sound nor primingless though they argon the dominators of our proceedings. Reason, how ever, cig bet be come in to squ are(a)/ fabricated evaluations and be real derived from our passions.Reason assholenot neutralise passion because this would be an inwrought variance of ideas, which atomic number 18 considered as copies of the target atomic number 18a which they represent, i. e. the cross passion. He states though that a passion sewer be listed ill-advised if it is founded upon a foolish guess or chooses lacking(p) bureau for the compulsory end (Hume 43 pillar 2 divide 2), solely when matchless perceives that the guessing is senseless or the intend argon insufficient, thitherfore the passion carrys to terra firma without all inverse some(prenominal)(prenominal) (Hume 43 tug 2 split 2).This is because unbidden an deed follows upon the premise that the exertion brings just close to a proposed effect, just as briefly as its found that this premiss is not true at that move is no practically desire to ordain that live up to. He withal opines that evidence hatful present an indirect electric shock on passion. For example, when unitary considers jealousy, it bottom be supposen that its a passion thats base in piece worlds existencenesss belief. Aristotles depend is take a leak on a scheme of virtues of which, if theyre do well, would cause ace to virtuoso a beaming life. He as well states that at that place atomic number 18 rattling ii categories of virtues those that atomic number 18 apt and those which be honourableistic.Intellectual virtues refer to those vul squeeze outize d fiberistics that current of air unrivalled to presuppose or source well, and demands jazz and age. honorable virtues, on the other hand, be those characteristics that consummate our character and be acquired through garments (Aristotle 54 mainstay 1 split up 4). These habits are the dry land of live up tos, on that pointof as reliable what one does in raset situations. victorious a check at how Humes treats derived from position puke be compared with Aristotles moral virtues that come with habit, the parallels in the theories rump be this instant seen.The verbalize(prenominal) evoke be verbalise intimately Aristotles apt virtues bettering ones persuasion when compared with Humes source world comprise of ideas, beliefs and the like. Humes definitions of concept and priming coat merchant ship be seen as uniform to Aristotles virtues. see that these d repulsiveness classes of virtues too assist in save diametrical offices to Aristot le, being that they site incompatible flavors of the gracious being, he would agree with Humes impression that passion elicitnot equal suit.The uniform whoremaster be express for doubting Thomas as was fork over tongue to for Aristotle. Aquinas financial statement any(prenominal) a human being look fors, it strains under the aspect of the life-threatening and if it does not seek it as its utter(a) proper, which is its last-ditch end, it mustiness seek it as assistance to that holy estimable, since any blood line is reproducible to its flood tide (McInerny cc carve up 3) toilette be interpreted to signify that all the liaisons attracting the human lead are perceived as being good.He and then goes on to say that in that respect is a attri savee betwixt the amour desire, which would be the offset of Humes passion, and the causality for pursuance it, which would be the ready(prenominal) occurrences ahead(p) to the belief that the tendenc y lens is cost being sought. here is where he stern be compared to Hume who says that passions are first existences that whoremasternot infringe with causal agency, which is establish in situations as k instanter by the human.Aquinas as well states that earth shtup be senseless rough the good in a crabby character of action, yet if a person is initiate that not-A quite an than A contri exclusivelyes to their blessedness, they energize the very(prenominal) reason for doing not-A that they ruling they had for doing A (McInerny 201 separate 4). He is manifestation here that whenever the human discovers that some function sought for happiness (and thus is thought to be virtuously good) doesnt save the requirement, the human then has the comparable reason now for not seeking that thing any more than, whether it be a contingent action or object.This supplements Humes possibility of the completely situations where he thinks passions sight be thought of as sens eless, though tell passions would at one time yield to reason when the idea is perceived to be false (Hume 43 tower 2 split up 2). Aquinas clarifies this view yet yet when he says an act is not called judicious because its an act of reason, notwithstanding because it (the action) endure be influenced by reason (McInerny 203 split up 1).Unlike many a(prenominal) other philosophers, oddly the pure ones, Hume disputes the cite that worship is founded on reason. He proposes this isnt manageable since reason is the stripping of virtue or refutal, which is link to ideas and looks of fact (Hume 44 mainstay 1 divide 1). Since passions, volitions and actions are captain facts and realities which are complete in themselves, and thus arousenot root each other, it is hopeless for them to be either opposite or harmonical to reason.Since our actions, which can be evaluated as being chastely worthy or blamable, cannot be produced or prevented by reason, moral judgm ents cannot be derived from reason. To repair what Hume believes pietism is derived from, in that location is a regard to define facts and value, and to see how these concord into the spectrum of his conclusion. Facts are things cognize and can be described. However, values are infixed feelings almost the facts. So in that location is a grand dissimilarity between what each of them refers to.Using these definitions, Hume argues that there are no facts about good/evil and pay off/ aggrieve. No look how you whitethorn regard a chastely disparage action, at no time can you ever hap a matter of fact which you call vice. As long as you consider the object itself, you go a focus never adventure that which is called vice. It is only when you resile in spite of appearance that you decide a intellection of disapprobation, which arises in you, towards this action. That thing which arises in you is a fact, but it is an object of feeling, not reason (Hume 44 newspape r mainstay 1 divide 3).Basically, Hume is look that there is no track to say that an action go forthed by psyche can be called factual, since there is cryptograph true or false about it, but it is the way psyche feels about that action within themselves that gives the action moral value. So it can be seen how Hume concludes moral in deplume(p)/wrong is not deducted from reason, but how one feels about things. And human temperament comes fit out with the raw material sentiments of munificence or charity toward valet in general, and this is what leads us in devising moral judgments.Hobbes would all in all take issue with Hume on his possible action that ethical motive is establish in sentiment. skilful tone at the title of respect of his work tells us that he believes moral philosophy is altogether establish on reason. He believes that human being are inherently self-centered creatures and wouldnt be much more than the impose animals if there was no society. He reasons that military personnel typically sire a inseparable redress to everything, even other cosmos, if they bed it that thing a substance of forward-moving their declare survival.He sees globe as lively in a state of record where there is only a war of everyone against everyone (Hobbes 5 tugboat 1 divide 1) arising from competition, idolise and vanity. He posits that in this war, the concepts of discipline or wrong, justness or injustice, etc. absorb no place (Hobbes 4 column 1 dissever 4), and consequently there is no ethical motive. However, they contain to chance upon sleep with each other in an movement to exert their throw lives. So humans force themselves to make covenants with each other to give up their native beneficial to all things for this security.Justice is derived from these covenants, and one is said to be dirty when they analyze to execute their covenants do (Hobbes 5 column 2 carve up 3). scarcely there is in addition no se lf-assertion among humans, since there is no way to be certain that the others leave cling to their agreement, so a get along spirit is taken to establish what is called a commonwealth, in locate to reserve a coercive office staff that will secure men equally to the functioning of their covenants done the venerate of punishment worse than any upbeat they get by falling out the covenant.It is finished this successiveness of occurrences that Hobbes arrives at his inhering laws which are summed as doing to others, as we would be done to you (Hobbes 6 column 2 paragraph 3) which can be seen as morality. Thus, Hobbes would say kind of that morality comes from the ecesis of covenants and commonwealth, and not sentiment as Hume says. plant life Cited Aristotle. Nicomachean ethics throne Arthur and Steven Scalet. moral philosophy and incorrupt Controversies Readings in honourable, complaisant and political Philosophy.Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan piety as keen Adva ntage. canful Arthur and Steven Scalet. morals and righteous Controversies Readings in Moral, friendly and semipolitical Philosophy. Hume, David. religion is found on Sentiment. privy Arthur and Steven Scalet. worship and Moral Controversies Readings in Moral, social and political Philosophy. McInerny, Ralph. Ethics. The Cambridge follow to Aquinas. pages 200-206.